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Research ArticleResearch

Nitrogen effects on soil water extraction by tall fescue in northern Appalachia

W. L. Stout, J. A. Shaffer, G. A. Jung, T. E. Staley and R. R. Hill
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation March 1991, 46 (2) 150-153;
W. L. Stout
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J. A. Shaffer
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G. A. Jung
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T. E. Staley
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R. R. Hill Jr.
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ABSTRACT:

In the Appalachian region of the northeastern United States, droughty conditions in hill-land soils can cause moisture stress in and reduce yields of pasture grasses. In general, nitrogen (N) fertilization can improve yields and water use efficiency of forage grasses on these types of soils. However, the specific soil conditions under which N fertilization can significantly improve soil water use is not known. The effect of N fertilization of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) on the water extraction from shale soils commonly found in hill-land pastures in the Northeast was investigated. Tall fescue was grown on three shale-derived soils with total available water-holding capacities of 25.3, 14.4, and 4.9 cm. Nitrogen was applied at the rate of 90, and 180 kg/ha of N in a split application (50% in the spring and 50% after the first harvest). Nitrogen fertilization increased soil water extraction by tall fescue only at soil water storage capacities of 250 mm or more of available water. On soils with less than 250 mm of available water storage capacity, tall fescue was able to exploit the soil water reserves with native amounts of N, but above-ground biomass and water use efficiency was improved with N fertilization.

Footnotes

  • W. L. Stout is a research soil scientist, J. A. Shaffer is a soil scientist, G. A. Jung is a research agronomist, and the late R. R. Hill, Jr. was research leader at the U.S. Regional Pasture Research Laboratory, Agricultural Reserach Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. T. E. Staley is a microbiologist at the Appalachian Regional Soil and Water Conservation Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Beckley, West Virginia. This article is contribution number 8902 of the U.S. Regional Pasture Research Laboratory; it reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA. The authors thank Frank White and Ron Phelps of the Soil Conservation Service; Susan and C.J. Furlong, the farm owners; and R. E. Kocher, J. R. Everhart, and numerous Penn State students for their technical support.

  • Copyright 1991 by the Soil and Water Conservation Society

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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 46 (2)
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Vol. 46, Issue 2
March/April 1991
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Nitrogen effects on soil water extraction by tall fescue in northern Appalachia
W. L. Stout, J. A. Shaffer, G. A. Jung, T. E. Staley, R. R. Hill
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Mar 1991, 46 (2) 150-153;

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Nitrogen effects on soil water extraction by tall fescue in northern Appalachia
W. L. Stout, J. A. Shaffer, G. A. Jung, T. E. Staley, R. R. Hill
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Mar 1991, 46 (2) 150-153;
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