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Research ArticleResearch Section

Fate of nitrogen from agriculture in the southeastern Coastal Plain

R. K. Hubbard, J. M. Sheridan, R. Lowrance, D. D. Bosch and G. Vellidis
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation March 2004, 59 (2) 72-86;
R. K. Hubbard
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J. M. Sheridan
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R. Lowrance
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D. D. Bosch
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G. Vellidis
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ABSTRACT:

Nitrogen (N) contamination of surface and groundwater is a health concern for both humans and animals. Excess nitrogen in surface water bodies may contribute to eutrophication. Elevated nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in drinking water have caused infant death from the disease methemoglobinemia. Formation of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines in the soil from nitrite (NO2-N) and secondary amines is also a health concern. Both NO3-N and NO2-N have been shown to negatively affect the metabolism of domestic animals. Movement of NO3-N and NO2-N to groundwater is of particular concern in the southeastern Coastal Plain because of the unique climatic, soil morphology, and geohydrologic regimes of the region. Climatically, the southeastern Coastal Plain is characterized by warm temperatures and relatively high rainfall. Because of the extended growing season, multicropping, which requires multiple applications of nitrogen, is commonly practiced. Annual rainfall distribution often also requires use of supplemental irrigation. The combination of relatively high nitrogen inputs, high rainfall, and use of irrigation for crop production coupled with areas of permeable sandy-textured soils and geologic materials means that large portions of the coastal plain may have high potential for nitrogen contamination of surface and ground waters. Research at the Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL), USDA-ARS, in cooperation with the University of Georgia over the past 20 years has focused on determining factors affecting nitrogen transport and transport rates over a range of coastal plain soils and management scenarios. This paper examines the findings from these extensive studies, reports new findings from a long term study, and synthesizes all information to examine the long-term implications for nitrogen contamination of soil and water from agriculture in the southeastern Coastal Plain.

Footnotes

  • Robert K. Hubbard is a soil scientist, Joseph M. Sheridan, is a hydraulic engineer, Richard Lowrance is an ecologist, and David D. Bosch is an agricultural engineer, all at the Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in Tifton, Georgia. George Vellidis is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological nad Agricultural Engineering at the University of Georgia in Tifton, Georgia.

  • Copyright 2004 by the Soil and Water Conservation Society

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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 59 (2)
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Vol. 59, Issue 2
March/April 2004
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Fate of nitrogen from agriculture in the southeastern Coastal Plain
R. K. Hubbard, J. M. Sheridan, R. Lowrance, D. D. Bosch, G. Vellidis
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Mar 2004, 59 (2) 72-86;

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Fate of nitrogen from agriculture in the southeastern Coastal Plain
R. K. Hubbard, J. M. Sheridan, R. Lowrance, D. D. Bosch, G. Vellidis
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Mar 2004, 59 (2) 72-86;
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