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Research ArticleResearch Section

Nitrogen mineralization from broiler litter applied to southeastern Coastal Plain soils

R.K. Hubbard, D.D. Bosch, L.K. Marshall, T.C. Strickland, D. Rowland, T.S. Griffin, C.W. Honeycutt, S.L. Albrecht, K.R. Sistani, H.A. Torbert, B.J. Wienhold, B.L. Woodbury and J.M. Powell
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation July 2008, 63 (4) 182-192; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.63.4.182
R.K. Hubbard
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D.D. Bosch
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L.K. Marshall
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T.C. Strickland
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D. Rowland
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T.S. Griffin
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C.W. Honeycutt
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S.L. Albrecht
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K.R. Sistani
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H.A. Torbert
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B.J. Wienhold
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B.L. Woodbury
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J.M. Powell
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Abstract

A field study was conducted to determine nitrogen (N) mineralization from broiler litter (BL) in two Coastal Plain soils of differing texture, sandy (Tifton loamy sand) or clayey (Greenville sandy clay loam). These soils represented the broad range in surface textures commonly found in soils used for agricultural production in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Published protocols used for the study were designed by the ARS mineralization team. In addition to measuring ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) in the soil as a measure of N mineralization, both total C and total N were measured to determine the impact of a single BL amendment on C sequestration and N accumulation. Amounts of N in the soil from BL mineralization over 70 days were identical for both soils, 46.4 mg N kg-1 soil (0.046%), but differences occurred in timing of the mineralization processes. In the sandy Tifton soil, depletion of NH4-N and nitrification of the NH4-N to NO3-N occurred simultaneously. The NH4-N from the BL was depleted in 21 days while peak NO3-N concentrations in the soil were found at 28 days. In the clayey Greenville soil, NH4-N concentrations from BL mineralization increased for 21 days and then decreased until reaching background levels by 70 days. Nitrate concentrations never did increase in the BL amended Greenville soil, indicating both that the nitrification rate was much slower than the ammonification rate, and most likely, that what NO3-N was produced was lost from the soil by denitrification under wet conditions. The combination of soil textural and microclimate differences along with greater protection of the BL residues in the clayey soil than in the sandy soil are believed responsible for the observed N mineralization differences between the two soils. Previous research has shown that N mineralization rate is positively correlated with sand content and negatively correlated with clay content of soils, and the results of this study concurred with those findings. Measurements of total C and total N in both Coastal Plain soils showed that overall increases were small with a single BL amendment, and it was concluded that long-term studies are needed to investigate C sequestration and N accumulation. It was concluded from the study that there is a high probability that BL mineralization rates will be significantly slower on the more clayey Coastal Plain soils than on very sandy ones, and that farm managers should take these rates into consideration when planning timing and amounts of BL applications.

Footnotes

  • Robert K. Hubbard is a soil scientist, David D. Bosch is a research hydraulic engineer, Laura K. Marshall is a hydrologist, and Timothy C. Strickland is a supervisory soil scientist at USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Tifton, Georgia. Dianne Rowland is a plant physiologist with USDA ARS, Dawson, Georgia. Timothy S. Griffin is an agronomist, and C. Wayne Honeycutt is a supervisory soil scientist with USDA ARS, Orono, Maine. Stephan L. Albrecht is a microbiologist with USDA ARS, Pendleton, Oregon. Karamat R. Sistani is a supervisory soil scientist with USDA ARS, Bowling Green, Kentucky. H. Allen Torbert is a soil scientist with USDA ARS, Auburn, Alabama. Brian J. Wienhold is a soil scientist with USDA ARS, Lincoln, Nebraska. Brian L. Woodbury is an agricultural engineer with USDA ARS, Clay Center, Nebraska. J. Mark Powell is a soil scientist with USDA ARS, Madison, Wisconsin.

  • © 2008 by the Soil and Water Conservation Society

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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 63 (4)
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Vol. 63, Issue 4
July/August 2008
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Nitrogen mineralization from broiler litter applied to southeastern Coastal Plain soils
R.K. Hubbard, D.D. Bosch, L.K. Marshall, T.C. Strickland, D. Rowland, T.S. Griffin, C.W. Honeycutt, S.L. Albrecht, K.R. Sistani, H.A. Torbert, B.J. Wienhold, B.L. Woodbury, J.M. Powell
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Jul 2008, 63 (4) 182-192; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.63.4.182

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Nitrogen mineralization from broiler litter applied to southeastern Coastal Plain soils
R.K. Hubbard, D.D. Bosch, L.K. Marshall, T.C. Strickland, D. Rowland, T.S. Griffin, C.W. Honeycutt, S.L. Albrecht, K.R. Sistani, H.A. Torbert, B.J. Wienhold, B.L. Woodbury, J.M. Powell
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Jul 2008, 63 (4) 182-192; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.63.4.182
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