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Research ArticleResearch Section

Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and wholefarm modeling

A.M. García, T.L. Veith, P.J.A. Kleinman, C.A. Rotz and L.S. Saporito
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation July 2008, 63 (4) 204-211; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.63.4.204
A.M. García
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T.L. Veith
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P.J.A. Kleinman
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C.A. Rotz
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L.S. Saporito
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Abstract

Plot-scale experimentation can provide valuable insight into the effects of manure management practices on phosphorus (P) runoff, but whole-farm evaluation is needed for complete assessment of potential trade offs. Artificially-applied rainfall experimentation on small field plots and event-based and long-term simulation modeling were used to compare P loss in runoff related to two dairy manure application methods (surface application with and without incorporation by tillage) on contrasting Pennsylvania soils previously under no-till management. Results of single-event rainfall experiments indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses in runoff from manured plots decreased by up to 90% with manure incorporation while total P losses did not change significantly. Longer-term whole farm simulation modeling indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses would decrease by 8% with manure incorporation while total P losses would increase by 77% due to greater erosion from fields previously under no-till. Differences in the two methods of inference point to the need for caution in extrapolating research findings. Single-event rainfall experiments conducted shortly after manure application simulate incidental transfers of dissolved P in manure to runoff, resulting in greater losses of dissolved reactive P. However, the transfer of dissolved P in applied manure diminishes with time. Over the annual time frame simulated by whole farm modeling, erosion processes become more important to runoff P losses. Results of this study highlight the need to consider the potential for increased erosion and total P losses caused by soil disturbance during incorporation. This study emphasizes the ability of modeling to estimate management practice effectiveness at the larger scales when experimental data is not available.

Footnotes

  • Ana María García is a hydrologist at the North Carolina Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Raleigh, North Carolina. Tamie L. Veith is an agricultural engineer, Peter J.A. Kleinman is a soil scientist, C. Alan Rotz is an agricultural engineer, and Lou S. Saporito is a research support scientist at the Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, University Park, Pennsylvania.

  • © 2008 by the Soil and Water Conservation Society

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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 63 (4)
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Vol. 63, Issue 4
July/August 2008
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Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and wholefarm modeling
A.M. García, T.L. Veith, P.J.A. Kleinman, C.A. Rotz, L.S. Saporito
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Jul 2008, 63 (4) 204-211; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.63.4.204

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Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and wholefarm modeling
A.M. García, T.L. Veith, P.J.A. Kleinman, C.A. Rotz, L.S. Saporito
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Jul 2008, 63 (4) 204-211; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.63.4.204
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