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Research ArticleResearch Section

Comparison of runoff, soil erosion, and winter wheat yields from no-till and inversion tillage production systems in northeastern Oregon

J.D. Williams, H.T. Gollany, M.C. Siemens, S.B. Wuest and D.S. Long
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation January 2009, 64 (1) 43-52; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.1.43
J.D. Williams
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H.T. Gollany
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M.C. Siemens
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S.B. Wuest
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D.S. Long
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Abstract

Conservation tillage systems that reduce soil erosion and maintain or increase soil carbon offer long-term benefits for producers in the inland Pacific Northwestern United States but could result in reduced grain yields due to increased pressure from weeds, disease, and insect pests. Our objective was to compare runoff, soil erosion, and crop yields from a conventional tillage, wheat-fallow two-year rotation and a no-till four-year rotation. The experiment was undertaken within a small watershed to provide results that would be representative of conservation effectiveness at the field scale. Two neighboring drainages, 5.8 and 10.7 ha (14 and 26 ac), in the 340 mm y-1 (13.4 in yr-1) precipitation zone of northeastern Oregon, were instrumented to record rainfall, runoff, and erosion over a four-year period (2001 through 2004). One drainage was cropped to a winter wheat-fallow rotation and received inversion tillage (tillage fallow). The second drainage was cropped in a four-year no-till rotation: winter wheat-chemical fallow-winter wheat-chickpea (no-till fallow). We recorded 13 runoff events from the inversion tillage system and 3 from the no-till system. Total runoff and erosion values from inversion tillage drainage were 5.1 mm (0.20 in) and 0.42 Mg ha-1 (0.19 tn ac-1) versus 0.7 mm (0.03 in) and 0.01 Mg ha-1 (<0.005 tn ac-1) from no-till drainage. The no-till rotation was substantially more effective in conserving soil and water in this field-scale comparison. Soil erosion observed in this research is a fraction of that reported for similar tillage practices outside of the Pacific Northwestern. Mean wheat yields did not significantly differ between inversion tillage and no-till treatments despite intensifying the rotation by replacing one year of fallow with a chickpea crop in the four-year rotation. Because of high year-to-year variability in yield and limited sample size, more study is needed to compare winter wheat yields in no-till production systems with inversion tillage. The no-till cropping system was more effective in reducing runoff and soil erosion and provides producers with an ability to protect soil and water resources in the dryland Pacific Northwest.

Footnotes

  • John D. Williams is a hydrologist, Hero T. Gollany is a soil scientist, Stewart B. Wuest is a soil scientist, and Daniel S. Long is an agronomist at the Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pendleton, Oregon. Mark C. Siemens is an agricultural engineer with University of Arizona, Yuma, Arizona.

  • © 2009 by the Soil and Water Conservation Society

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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 64 (1)
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Vol. 64, Issue 1
January/February 2009
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Comparison of runoff, soil erosion, and winter wheat yields from no-till and inversion tillage production systems in northeastern Oregon
J.D. Williams, H.T. Gollany, M.C. Siemens, S.B. Wuest, D.S. Long
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Jan 2009, 64 (1) 43-52; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.64.1.43

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Comparison of runoff, soil erosion, and winter wheat yields from no-till and inversion tillage production systems in northeastern Oregon
J.D. Williams, H.T. Gollany, M.C. Siemens, S.B. Wuest, D.S. Long
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Jan 2009, 64 (1) 43-52; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.64.1.43
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  • Soil water in small drainages farmed with no-tillage and inversion tillage in northeastern Oregon
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  • Tillage and no-tillage conservation effectiveness in the intermediate precipitation zone of the inland Pacific Northwest, United States
  • WEPP simulations of dryland cropping systems in small drainages of northeastern Oregon
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