The role of ruminants in reducing agriculture's carbon footprint in North America

References

1. 1. Aguilera E.,
   2. Lassaletta L.,
   3. Gattingerd A.,
   4. Gimeno B.S.

   . 2013. Managing soil carbon for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Mediterranean cropping systems: A meta-analysis. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 168:25-36.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
2. 1. Bardgett R.D.,
   2. McAlister E.

   . 1999. The measurement of soil fungal: bacterial biomass ratios as an indicator of ecosystem self-regulation in temperate meadow grasslands. Biology and Fertility of Soil 29:282-290.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. 1. Butterfield J.,
   2. Bingham S.,
   3. Savory A.

   . 2006. Holistic management: A new framework for decision making. Washington, DC: Island Press.
4. 1. Capper J.L.

   2012. Is the grass always greener? Comparing the environmental impact of conventional, natural and grass-fed beef production systems. Animals 2:127-143.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. 1. Carberry P.S.,
   2. McCown R.L.,
   3. Muchow R.C.,
   4. Dimes J.P.,
   5. Probert M.E.,
   6. Poulton P.L.,
   7. Dalgliesh N.P.

   . 1996. Simulation of a legume ley farming system in northern Australia using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36:1037-1048.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
6. 1. Czarnecki O.,
   2. Yang J.,
   3. Weston D.J.,
   4. Tuskan G.A.,
   5. Chen J.G.

   . 2013. A dual role of strigolactones in phosphate acquisition and utilization in plants. International Journal of Molecular Science 14:7681-7701.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. 1. Daley C.A.,
   2. Abbott A.,
   3. Doyle P.S.,
   4. Nader G.A.,
   5. Larson S.

   . 2010. A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutrition Journal 9:1-12.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
8. 1. Delgado J.A.,
   2. Groffman P.M.,
   3. Nearing M.A.,
   4. Goddard T.,
   5. Reicosky D.,
   6. Lal R.,
   7. Kitchen N.R.,
   8. Rice C.W.,
   9. Towery D.,
   10. Salon P.

   . 2011. Conservation practices to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66:118A-129A, doi:10.2489/jswc.66.4.118A.

   OpenUrlFREE Full Text
9. 1. DeRamus H.A.,
   2. Clement T.C.,
   3. Giampola D.D.,
   4. Dickison P.C.

   . 2003. Methane emissions of beef cattle on forages: efficiency of grazing management systems. Journal of Environmental Quality 32:269-277.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
10. 1. Follett R.F.,
    2. Reed D.A.

    . 2010. Soil carbon sequestration in grazinglands: Societal benefits and policy implications. Range Ecology and Management 63:4-15.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
11. 1. Frank D.A.,
    2. McNaughton S.J.

    . 2002. The ecology of the Earth's grazing ecosystems. BioScience 48:513-521.

    OpenUrl
12. 1. Gattinger A.,
    2. Muller A.,
    3. Haeni M.,
    4. Skinner C.,
    5. Fliessbach A.,
    6. Buchmann N.,
    7. Mäder P.,
    8. Stolze M.,
    9. Smith P.,
    10. El-Hage Scialabba N.,
    11. Niggli U.

    . 2012. Enhanced top soil carbon stocks under organic farming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:18226-18231.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. 1. Gerrish J.

    2004. Management-intensive grazing: The grassroots of grass farming. Ridgeland, MS: Green Park Press.
14. 1. Hatfield J.L.,
    2. Venterea R.T.

    . 2014. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: A multi-site comparison of the effects on nitrous oxide emissions and agronomic performance. Agronomy Journal 106:679-680.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
15. 1. Hatfield J.L.,
    2. Walthall C.L.

    . 2014. Soil biological fertility: Foundation for the next revolution in agriculture? Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 46:753-762.

    OpenUrl
16. 1. Herrero M.,
    2. Thornton P.K.

    . 2013. Livestock and global change: Emerging issues for sustainable food systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110:20878-20881.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
17. 1. Stocker T.F.,
    2. et al

    1. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

    . 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. Stocker T.F., et al. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
18. 1. Jamali H.,
    2. Livesley S.J.,
    3. Grover S.P.,
    4. Dawes T.Z.,
    5. Hutley L.B.,
    6. Cook G.D.,
    7. Arndt S.K.

    . The importance of termites to the CH₄ balance of a tropical savanna woodland of northern Australia. Ecosystems 14:698-709.
19. 1. Janzen H.H.

    2010. What place for livestock on a re-greening earth? Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167:783-796.

    OpenUrl
20. 1. Khan S.A.,
    2. Mulvaney R.L.,
    3. Ellsworth T.R.,
    4. Boast C.W.

    . 2007. The myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality 36:1821-1832.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 1. Kimble J.,
    2. Rice C.W.,
    3. Reed D.,
    4. Mooney S.,
    5. Follett R.F.,
    6. Lal R.

    . 2007. Soil Carbon Management: Economic, Environmental, and Societal Benefits. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
22. 1. Lal R.

    2003. Soil erosion and the global carbon budget. Environment International 29:437-450.

    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 1. Lal R.

    2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304:1623-1627.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
24. 1. Leake J.R.,
    2. Johnson D.,
    3. Donnelly D.,
    4. Muckle G.,
    5. Boddy L.,
    6. Read D.

    . 2004. Networks of power and influence: The role of mycorrhizal mycelium in controlling plant communities and agroecosystem functioning. Canadian Journal of Botany 82:1016-1045.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
25. 1. Leigh J.,
    2. Hodge A.,
    3. Fitter A.H.

    . 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can transfer substantial amounts of nitrogen to their host plant from organic material. New Phytologist 181:99-207.

    OpenUrl
26. 1. Liebig M.A.,
    2. Gross J.R.,
    3. Kronberg S.L.,
    4. Phillips R.L.,
    5. Hanson J.D.

    . 2010. Grazing management contributions to net global warming potential: A long-term evaluation in the Northern Great Plains. Journal of Environmental Quality 39:799-809.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
27. 1. MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

    . 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.
28. 1. Mulvaney R.L.,
    2. Khan S.A.,
    3. Ellsworth T.R.

    . 2009. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:2295-2314.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 1. National Research Council

    . 2002. Riparian Areas: Functions and Strategies for Management, pp. 415. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
30. 1. O'Mara F.P.

    2011. The significance of livestock as a contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions today and in the near future. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167:7-15.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Pimentel D.,
    2. Hepperly P.,
    3. Hanson J.,
    4. Douds D.,
    5. Seidel R.

    . 2005. Environmental, energetic and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. Bioscience 55: 573-582.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
32. 1. Retallack G.J.

    2013. Global cooling by grassland soils of the geological past and near future. Annual Review of Earth and Planet Sciences 41:69-86.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
33. 1. Ripple W.J.,
    2. Smith P.,
    3. Haberl H.,
    4. Montzka S.A.,
    5. McAlpine C.,
    6. Boucher D.H.

    . 2014. Ruminants, climate change and climate policy. Nature Climate Change 4:2-5.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. Teague W.R.,
    2. Dowhower S.L.,
    3. Baker S.A.,
    4. Haile N.,
    5. DeLaune P.B.,
    6. Conover D.M.

    . 2011. Grazing management impacts on vegetation, soil biota and soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass prairie. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 141:310-22.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
35. 1. Teague W.R.,
    2. Provenza F.,
    3. Kreuter U.P.,
    4. Steffens T.,
    5. Barnes M.

    . 2013. Multi-paddock grazing on rangelands: Why the perceptual dichotomy between research results and rancher experience? Journal of Environmental Management 128:699-717.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
36. 1. Turner R.E.,
    2. Rabalais N.N.

    . 2003. Linking landscape and water quality in the Mississippi River basin for 200 years. Bioscience 53:563-572.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
37. 1. UN FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

    . 2011. Statistical database. http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/R/RL/E.
38. 1. USDA

    . 2012. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/CropProdSu//2010s/2011/CropProdSu-01-12-2011_revision.pdf.
39. 1. USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)

    . 2006. Global Anthropogenic Non-CO₂ Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990-2020. Washington, DC: USEPA, EPA 430-R-06-003. http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/EPAactivities/GlobalAnthroEmissionsReport.pdf.
40. 1. USEPA

    . 2013. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report: 1990-2013. Washington, DC: USEPA. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html.
41. 1. Van der Ploeg J.D.,
    2. Verschuren P.,
    3. Verhoeven F.,
    4. Pepels J.

    . 2006. Dealing with novelties: A grassland experiment reconsidered. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 8:199-218.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
42. 1. Vermeulen S.J.,
    2. Campbell B.M.,
    3. Ingram J.S.I.

    . 2012. Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37:195-222.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
43. 1. West P.C.,
    2. Gerber J.S.,
    3. Engstrom P.M.,
    4. Muelle N.D.,
    5. Brauman K.A.,
    6. Carlson K.M.,
    7. Cassidy E.S.,
    8. Johnston M.,
    9. MacDonald G.K.,
    10. Ray D.K.,
    11. Siebert S.

    . 2014. Leverage points for improving global food security and the environment. Science 345:325-328.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text