Assessing water quality changes in agricultural drainages: Examples from oxbow lake tributaries in northwestern Mississippi, United States, and simulation-based power analyses

References

1. ↵
   1. APHA (American Public Health Association)

   . 2005. Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation.
2. ↵
   1. Aryal N.,
   2. Reba M.L.

   . 2017. Transport and transformation of nutrients and sediment in two agricultural watersheds in Northeast Arkansas. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 236:30-42.

   OpenUrl
3. ↵
   1. Baker B.H.,
   2. Czarnecki J.M.P.,
   3. Omer A.R.,
   4. Aldridge C.A.,
   5. Kroeger R.,
   6. Prevost J.D.

   . 2018. Nutrient and sediment runoff from agricultural landscapes with varying suites of conservation practices in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 73(1):75-85, doi:10.2489/jswc.73.1.75.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
4. ↵
   1. Baker B.H.,
   2. Kröger R.,
   3. Prevost J.D.,
   4. Pierce T.,
   5. Ramirez-Avila J.J.,
   6. Czarnecki J.M.P.,
   7. Faust D.,
   8. Flora C.

   . 2016. A field-scale investigation of nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies of a low-technology best management practice: Low-grade weirs. Ecological Engineering 91:240-248.

   OpenUrl
5. ↵
   1. Bishop P.L.,
   2. Hively W.D.,
   3. Stedinger J.R.,
   4. Rafferty M.R.,
   5. Lojpersberger J.L.,
   6. Bloomfield J.A.

   . 2005. Multivariate analysis of paired watershed data to evaluate agricultural best management practice effects on stream water phosphorus. Journal of Environmental Quality 34:1087-1101.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. ↵
   1. Buchanan T.J.,
   2. Somers W.P.

   . 1969. Book 3, Chapter A8: Discharge measurements at gaging stations. In Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey.
7. ↵
   1. Canty A.,
   2. Ripley B.

   . 2017. boot: Bootstrap R (S-Plus) Functions. R package version 1.3-19.
8. ↵
   1. Chapman S.S.,
   2. Kleiss B.A.,
   3. Omernik J.M.,
   4. Foit T.L.,
   5. Murray E.O.

   . 2004. Ecoregions of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (map scale 1:1,150,000). Reston, VA: US Geological Survey. https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=NHEERL&dirEntryId=96619.
9. ↵
   1. Clark M.P.,
   2. Kavetski D.,
   3. Fenicia F.

   . 2011. Pursuing the method of multiple working hypotheses for hydrological modeling. Water Resources Research 47(9):W09301.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Corsi S.R.,
    2. Horwatich J.A.,
    3. Rutter T.D.,
    4. Bannerman R.T.

    . 2012. Effects of best-management practices in Bower Creek in the East River priority watershed, Wisconsin, 1991–2009. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5217. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey.
11. ↵
    1. Corsi S.R.,
    2. Walker J.F.,
    3. Wang L.,
    4. Horwatich J.A.,
    5. Bannerman R.T.

    . 2005. Effects of best management practices in Otter Creek in the Sheboygan River priority watershed, Wisconsin, 1990–2002: US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5009. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey.
12. ↵
    1. Dabney S.M.,
    2. Rebich R.A.,
    3. Pote J.W.

    . 2001. The Mississippi Delta MSEA Program. In Sustaining the Global Farm, paper from the 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting, May 24-29, 1999. West Lafayette, IN: International Soil Conservation Organization in cooperation with the USDA and Purdue University.
13. ↵
    1. Davison A.C.,
    2. Hinkley D.V.

    . 1997. Bootstrap Methods and Their Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. ↵
    1. Dixon P.M.,
    2. Pechmann J.H.K.

    . 2005. A statistical test to show negligible trend. Ecology 86(7):1751-1756.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. ↵
    1. Faulkner S.,
    2. Barrow W. Jr..,
    3. Keeland B.,
    4. Walls S.,
    5. Telesco D.

    . 2011. Effects of conservation practices on wetland ecosystem services in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Ecological Applications 21(3)Supplement:S31-S48.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
16. ↵
    1. Fishman M.J.,
    2. Friedman L.C.

    . 1989. Book 5, Chapter A1: Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments. In US Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey.
17. ↵
    1. Harrigan S.,
    2. Murphy C.,
    3. Hall J.,
    4. Wilby R.L.,
    5. Sweeny J.

    . 2014. Attribution of detected changes in streamflow using multiple working hypotheses. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18:1935-1952.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Hypoxia Task Force

    . 2017. Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force: 2017 Report to Congress. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/hypoxia-task-force-reports-congress.
19. ↵
    1. Kennedy E.J.

    1983. Book 3, Chapter A13: Computation of continuous records of streamflow. In Technique of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey.
20. ↵
    1. Kibler K.M.,
    2. Tullos D.D.,
    3. Kondolf G.M.

    . 2011. Learning from dam removal monitoring: Challenges to selecting experimental design and establishing significance of outcomes. River Research and Applications 27(8):967-975.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. King S.L.,
    2. Keeland B.D.

    . 1999. Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley. Restoration Ecology 7(4):348-359.

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. King S.L.,
    2. Twedt D.J.,
    3. Wilson R.R.

    . 2006. The role of the Wetland Reserve Program in conservation efforts in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4):914-920.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Krzywinski M.,
    2. Altman N.

    . 2013. Power and sample size. Nature 10:1139-1140.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Levine C.R.,
    2. Yanai R.D.,
    3. Lampman G.G.,
    4. Burns D.A.,
    5. Driscoll C.T.,
    6. Lawrence G.B.,
    7. Lynch J.A.,
    8. Schoch N.

    . 2014. Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs. Ecological Indicators 39:94-101.

    OpenUrl
25. ↵
    1. Littlejohn K.A.,
    2. Poganski B.H.,
    3. Kroger R.,
    4. Ramirez-Avila J.J.

    . 2014. Effectiveness of low-grade weirs for nutrient removal in an agricultural landscape in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Agricultural Water Management 131:79-86.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Lizotte R.E.,
    2. Knight S.S.,
    3. Locke M.A.,
    4. Bingner R.L.

    . 2014. Influence of integrated watershed-scale agricultural conservation practices on lake water quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 69(2):160-170, doi:10.2489/jswc.69.2.160.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
27. ↵
    1. Lizotte R.E.,
    2. Yasarer L.M.W.,
    3. Locke M.A.,
    4. Bingner R.L.,
    5. Knight S.S.

    . 2017. Lake nutrient responses to integrated conservation practices in an agricultural watershed. Journal of Environmental Quality 46:330-338.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
28. ↵
    1. Loftis J.C.,
    2. MacDonald L.H.,
    3. Streett S.,
    4. Iyer H.K.,
    5. Bunte K.

    . 2001. Detecting cumulative watershed effects: The statistical power of pairing. Journal of Hydrology 251:49-64.

    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRef
29. ↵
    1. McBride G.B.,
    2. Loftis J.C.,
    3. Adkins N.C.

    . 1993. What do significance tests really tell us about the environment? Environmental Management 17(4):423-432.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
30. ↵
    1. MDEQ (Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality)

    . 2006. Bee Lake Implementation Plan, 1-67. Prepared for Yazoo Basin Team. Stoneville, MS: Delta F.A.R.M. and Delta Wildlife, Inc.
31. ↵
    1. MDEQ

    . 2007. Lake Washington Watershed Implementation Plan, 1-98. Prepared for Lake Washington Watershed Implementation Team. Little Rock, AR: FTN Associates, Ltd.
32. ↵
    1. MDEQ

    . 2013. MDEQ master SOP compendium of analytical services for Field Services Division. Jackson, MS: Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality.
33. ↵
    1. Merz S.,
    2. Vorogushyn S.,
    3. Uhlemann S.,
    4. Delgado J.,
    5. Hundecha Y.

    . 2012. HESS Opinions: More efforts and scientific rigour are needed to attribute trends in flood time series. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16:1379-1387.

    OpenUrl
34. ↵
    1. Mulla D.J.,
    2. Birr A.S.,
    3. Kitchen N.R.,
    4. David M.B.

    . 2008. Limitations of evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural management practices at reducing nutrient losses to surface waters. In Final Report: Gulf Hypoxia and Local Water Quality Concerns Workshop, 189-212. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineer.
35. ↵
    1. Murphy J.,
    2. Hicks M.,
    3. Stocks S.

    . 2019. Hydrologic event-based water-quality and hydrology data for 3 oxbow tributaries in northwestern Mississippi, 2007-2016. US Geological Survey data release. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/F75H7FJJ.
36. ↵
    1. R Core Team

    . 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
37. ↵
    1. Rantz S.E., et al

    . 1982. Measurement and Computation of Streamflow: Volume 1. Measurement of Stage and Discharge. US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey.
38. ↵
    1. Ryberg K.R.

    2017. Structural equation model of total phosphorus loads in the Red River of the North Basin, USA and Canada. Journal of Environmental Quality 46:1072-1080.

    OpenUrl
39. ↵
    1. Sharpley A.N.,
    2. Kleinman P.J.A.,
    3. Heathwaite A.L.,
    4. Gburek W.J.,
    5. Folmar G.J.,
    6. Schmidt J.P.

    . 2008. Phosphorus loss from an agricultural watershed as a function of storm size. Journal of Environmental Quality 37:362-368.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
40. ↵
    1. Sharpley A.N.,
    2. Daniels M.B.,
    3. Berry L.,
    4. Hallmark C.

    . 2015. Discovery Farms: Documenting water quality benefits of on-farm conservation management and empowering farmers. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B – Soil Plant Science 65(Suppl. 2):186-198.

    OpenUrl
41. ↵
    1. Tomer M.D.,
    2. Locke M.A.

    . 2011. The challenge of documenting water quality benefits of conservation practices: A review of USDA-ARS's conservation effects assessment project watershed studies. Water Science and Technology 64(1):300-310.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
42. ↵
    1. US Congress

    . 2008. Section 1619 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill). H.R. 6124. https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/6124.
43. ↵
    1. USDA NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service)

    . 2017. Conservation Practice Adoption on Cultivated Cropland Acres: Effects on Instream Nutrient and Sediment Dynamics and Delivery in Western Lake Erie Basin, 2003-06 and 2012, 77. Special Study Report. Washington, DC: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
44. ↵
    1. USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)

    . 1983. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
45. ↵
    1. USEPA

    . 1986. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods, 3rd edition. SW-846. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
46. 1. USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service)

    . 2007-2016. CropScape - Cropland Data Layer. https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/. Washington, DC: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service.
47. ↵
    1. USGS (US Geological Survey)

    . 2018. National Water Information System—Web interface. USGS Water Data for the Nation. Reston, VA: US Geological Survey. http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN.