Integrated biochar research: A roadmap

James E. Amonette; Humberto Blanco-Canqui; Chuck Hassebrook; David A. Laird; Rattan Lal; Johannes Lehmann; Deborah Page-Dumroese

doi:10.2489/jswc.2021.1115A

REFERENCES

↵
1. Amonette, J.E.,
2. J.G. Archuleta,
3. M.R. Fuchs,
4. K.M. Hills,
5. G.G. Yorgey, et al
. Forthcoming. Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value. Workshop Report. Pullman, WA: Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University. http://csanr.wsu.edu/biomass2biochar.
↵
1. Blanco-Canqui, H.
2017. Biochar and soil physical properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal 81:687-711.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Borchard, N.,
2. M. Schirrmann,
3. M.L. Cayuela,
4. C. Kammann,
5. N. Wrage-Mönnig,
6. J.M. Estavillo,
7. T. Fuertes-Mendizábal,
8. G. Sigua,
9. K. Spokas,
10. J.A. Ippolito, and
11. J. Novak
. 2019. Biochar, soil and land-use interactions that reduce nitrate leaching and N₂O emissions: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment 651:2354-2364.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Bünemann, E.K.,
2. G. Bongiorno,
3. Z. Bai,
4. R.E. Creamer,
5. G. De Deyn,
6. R. de Goede,
7. L. Fleskens,
8. V. Geissen,
9. T.W. Kuyper,
10. P. Mäder,
11. M. Pulleman,
12. W. Sukkel,
13. J.W. van Groenigen, and
14. L. Brussaard
. 2018. Soil quality—A critical review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120:105-125.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Cao, L., and
2. K. Caldeira
. 2010. Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal: Long-term consequences and commitment. Environmental Research Letters 5:024011.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Dumortier, J.,
2. H. Dokoohaki,
3. A. Elobeid,
4. D.J. Hayes,
5. D. Laird, and
6. F.E. Miguez
. 2020. Global land-use and carbon emission implications from biochar application to cropland in the United States. Journal of Cleaner Production 258:120684.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Hansen, J.,
2. M. Sato,
3. P. Kharecha,
4. D. Beerling,
5. R. Berner,
6. V. Masson-Delmotte,
7. M. Pagani,
8. M. Raymo,
9. D.L. Royer, and
10. J.C. Zachos
. 2008. Target atmospheric CO₂: Where should humanity aim? Open Atmospheric Science Journal 2:217-231.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
. 2018. Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5°C. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/.
↵
1. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
. 2019. Special Report: Climate Change and Land. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/.
↵
1. Jeffery S.,
2. T.M. Bezemer,
3. G. Cornelissen,
4. T.W. Kuyper,
5. J. Lehmann,
6. L. Mommer,
7. S.P. Sohi,
8. T.F.J. Van de Voorde,
9. D.A. Wardle,
10. J.W. Van Groenigen
. 2015. The way forward in biochar research: Targeting trade-offs between the potential wins. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 7:1-13.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Kammann, C.,
2. J. Ippolito,
3. N. Hagemann,
4. N. Borchard,
5. M.L. Cayuela,
6. J.M. Estavillo,
7. T. Fuertes-Mendizabal,
8. S. Jeffery,
9. J. Kern,
10. J. Novak,
11. D. Rasse,
12. S. Saarnio,
13. H.-P. Schmidt,
14. K. Spokas, and
15. N. Wrage-Mönnig
. 2017. Biochar as a tool to reduce the agricultural greenhouse-gas burden – knowns, unknowns and future research needs. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25(2):114-139.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Kroeger, J.E.,
2. G. Pourhashem,
3. K.B. Medlock, and
4. C.A. Masiello
. 2020. Water cost savings from soil biochar amendment: A spatial analysis. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 13(1):133-142.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Laird, D.A.
2008. The charcoal vision: A win-win-win scenario for simultaneously producing bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality. Agronomy Journal 100:178-181.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science
↵
1. Laird, D.A.,
2. R.C. Brown,
3. J.E. Amonette, and
4. J. Lehmann
. 2009. Review of the pyrolysis platform for co-producing bio-oil and biochar. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 3:547–562.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lal, R.
2009. Soils and food sufficiency. A review. Agronomy and Sustainable Development 29:113-133.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lal, R.
2020. Managing soils for negative feedback to climate change and positive impact on food and nutritional security. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 66(1):1-9.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lehmann, J.,
2. D.A. Bossio,
3. I. Kögel-Knabner, and
4. M.C. Rillig
. 2020. The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 1:544–553.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lehmann, J.,
2. J. Gaunt, and
3. M. Rondon
. 2006. Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems—A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11:403–427.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lehmann, J., and
2. S. Joseph
, eds. 2015. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation. New York: Routledge.
↵
1. Li, W.,
2. J. Dumortier,
3. H. Dokoohaki,
4. F.E. Miguez,
5. R.C. Brown,
6. D. Laird and
7. M.M Wright
. 2019. Regional techno-economic and life-cycle analysis of the pyrolysis-bioenergy-biochar platform for carbon-negative energy. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 13:1428-1438.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Man, K.Y.,
2. K.L. Chow,
3. Y.B. Man,
4. W.Y. Mo, and
5. M.H. Wong
. 2020. Use of biochar as feed supplements for animal farming. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1721980.
↵
1. Pecha, M.B.,
2. J.I. Montoya Arbelaez,
3. M. Garcia-Perez,
4. F. Chejne, and
5. P. Ciesielski
. 2019. Progress in understanding the four dominant intra-particle phenomena of lignocellulose pyrolysis: Chemical reactions, heat transfer, mass transfer, and phase change. Green Chemistry 21:2868.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Pollet, J., and
2. P.N. Omi
. 2002. Effect of thinning and prescribed burning on crown fire severity in ponderosa pine forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11:1-10.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science
↵
1. Sahoo K.,
2. E. Bilek,
3. R. Bergman, and
4. S. Mani
. 2019. Techno-economic analysis of producing solid biofuels and biochar from forest residues using portable systems. Applied Energy 235:578-590.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Sarauer J.L.,
2. D.S. Page-Dumroese, and
3. M.D. Coleman
. 2019. Soil greenhouse gas, carbon content, and tree growth response to biochar amendment in western United States forests. Global Change Biology-Bioenergy 11(5):660-671.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Schmidt, H.-P.,
2. N. Hagemann,
3. K. Draper, and
4. C. Kammann
. 2019. The use of biochar in animal feeding. PeerJ 7:e7373.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Sessions J.,
2. D. Smith,
3. K.M. Trippe,
4. J.S. Fried,
5. J.D. Bailey,
6. J.H. Petitmermet,
7. W. Hollamon,
8. C.L. Phillips, and
9. J.D. Campbell
. 2019. Can biochar link forest restoration with commercial agriculture? Biomass and Bioenergy 123:175-185.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Smith, P.
2016. Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies. Global Change Biology 22:1315-1324.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Smith, P.,
2. S.J. Davis,
3. F. Creutzig,
4. S. Fuss,
5. J. Minx,
6. B. Gabrielle,
7. E. Kato,
8. R.B. Jackson,
9. A. Cowie,
10. E. Kriegler,
11. D.P. van Vuuren,
12. J. Rogelj,
13. P. Ciais,
14. J. Milne,
15. J.G. Canadell,
16. D. McCollum,
17. G. Peters,
18. R. Andrew,
19. V. Krey,
20. G. Shrestha,
21. P. Friedlingstein,
22. T. Gasser,
23. A. Grübler,
24. W.K. Heidug,
25. M. Jonas,
26. C.D. Jones,
27. F. Kraxner,
28. E. Littleton,
29. J. Lowe,
30. J.R. Moreira,
31. N. Nakicenovic,
32. M. Obersteiner,
33. A. Patwardhan,
34. M. Rogner,
35. E. Rubin,
36. A. Sharifi,
37. A. Torvanger,
38. Y. Yamagata,
39. J. Edmonds, and
40. C. Yongsung
. 2015. Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO₂ emissions. Nature Climate Change 6:42-50.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Spokas, K.A.,
2. K.B. Cantrell,
3. J.M. Novak,
4. D.W. Archer,
5. J.A. Ippolito,
6. H.P. Collins,
7. A.A. Boateng,
8. I.M. Lima,
9. M.C. Lamb,
10. A.J. McAloon,
11. R.D. Lentz, and
12. K.A. Nichols
. 2012. Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality 41:973-989.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Tammeorg, P.,
2. A.C. Bastos,
3. S. Jeffery,
4. F. Rees,
5. J. Kern,
6. E.R. Graber,
7. M. Ventura,
8. M. Kibblewhite,
9. A. Amaro,
10. A. Budai,
11. C.M.d.S. Cordovil,
12. X. Domene,
13. C. Gardi,
14. G. Gasco,
15. J. Horák,
16. C. Kammann,
17. E. Kondrlova,
18. D. Laird,
19. S. Loureiro,
20. M.A.S. Martins,
21. P. Panzacchi,
22. M. Prasad,
23. M. Prodana,
24. A.P. Puge,
25. G. Ruysschaert,
26. L. Sas-Paszt,
27. F.C. Silva,
28. W.G. Teixeira,
29. G. Tonon,
30. G. Delle Vedove,
31. C. Zavalloni,
32. B. Glaser, and
33. F.G.A. Verheijen
. 2017. Biochars in soils: Towards the required level of scientific understanding. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25:192-207.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Woolf, D.,
2. J.E. Amonette,
3. F.A. Street-Perrott,
4. J. Lehmann, and
5. S. Joseph
. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications 1:56.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Woolf, D.,
2. J. Lehmann,
3. E.M. Fisher, and
4. L.T. Angenent
. 2014. Biofuels from pyrolysis in perspective: Trade-offs between energy yields and soil-carbon additions. Environmental Science & Technology 48:6492-6499.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Woolf, D.,
2. J. Lehmann, and
3. D.R. Lee
. 2016. Optimal bioenergy power generation for climate change mitigation with or without carbon sequestration. Nature Communications 7:13160.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Wu, P.,
2. S.T. Ata-Ul-Karim,
3. B.P. Singh,
4. H. Wang,
5. T. Wu,
6. C. Liu,
7. G. Fang,
8. D. Zhou,
9. Y. Wang, and
10. W. Chen
. 2019. A scientometric review of biochar research in the past 20 years (1998-2018). Biochar 1:23-43.
OpenUrl

In this issue

Download PDF

Article Alerts

Email Article

Citation Tools

Request Permissions

Cited By...

No citing articles found.

Google Scholar

A Section

Show more A Section

Viewpoint

Show more Viewpoint

[1] ↵
Amonette, J.E.,
J.G. Archuleta,
M.R. Fuchs,
K.M. Hills,
G.G. Yorgey, et al
. Forthcoming. Biomass to Biochar: Maximizing the Carbon Value. Workshop Report. Pullman, WA: Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University. http://csanr.wsu.edu/biomass2biochar.

[2] Amonette, J.E.,

[3] J.G. Archuleta,

[4] M.R. Fuchs,

[5] K.M. Hills,

[6] G.G. Yorgey, et al

[7] ↵
Blanco-Canqui, H.
2017. Biochar and soil physical properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal 81:687-711.
OpenUrl

[8] Blanco-Canqui, H.

[9] ↵
Borchard, N.,
M. Schirrmann,
M.L. Cayuela,
C. Kammann,
N. Wrage-Mönnig,
J.M. Estavillo,
T. Fuertes-Mendizábal,
G. Sigua,
K. Spokas,
J.A. Ippolito, and
J. Novak
. 2019. Biochar, soil and land-use interactions that reduce nitrate leaching and N₂O emissions: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment 651:2354-2364.
OpenUrl

[10] Borchard, N.,

[11] M. Schirrmann,

[12] M.L. Cayuela,

[13] C. Kammann,

[14] N. Wrage-Mönnig,

[15] J.M. Estavillo,

[16] T. Fuertes-Mendizábal,

[17] G. Sigua,

[18] K. Spokas,

[19] J.A. Ippolito, and

[20] J. Novak

[21] ↵
Bünemann, E.K.,
G. Bongiorno,
Z. Bai,
R.E. Creamer,
G. De Deyn,
R. de Goede,
L. Fleskens,
V. Geissen,
T.W. Kuyper,
P. Mäder,
M. Pulleman,
W. Sukkel,
J.W. van Groenigen, and
L. Brussaard
. 2018. Soil quality—A critical review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120:105-125.
OpenUrl

[22] Bünemann, E.K.,

[23] G. Bongiorno,

[24] Z. Bai,

[25] R.E. Creamer,

[26] G. De Deyn,

[27] R. de Goede,

[28] L. Fleskens,

[29] V. Geissen,

[30] T.W. Kuyper,

[31] P. Mäder,

[32] M. Pulleman,

[33] W. Sukkel,

[34] J.W. van Groenigen, and

[35] L. Brussaard

[36] ↵
Cao, L., and
K. Caldeira
. 2010. Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal: Long-term consequences and commitment. Environmental Research Letters 5:024011.
OpenUrl

[37] Cao, L., and

[38] K. Caldeira

[39] ↵
Dumortier, J.,
H. Dokoohaki,
A. Elobeid,
D.J. Hayes,
D. Laird, and
F.E. Miguez
. 2020. Global land-use and carbon emission implications from biochar application to cropland in the United States. Journal of Cleaner Production 258:120684.
OpenUrl

[40] Dumortier, J.,

[41] H. Dokoohaki,

[42] A. Elobeid,

[43] D.J. Hayes,

[44] D. Laird, and

[45] F.E. Miguez

[46] ↵
Hansen, J.,
M. Sato,
P. Kharecha,
D. Beerling,
R. Berner,
V. Masson-Delmotte,
M. Pagani,
M. Raymo,
D.L. Royer, and
J.C. Zachos
. 2008. Target atmospheric CO₂: Where should humanity aim? Open Atmospheric Science Journal 2:217-231.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[47] Hansen, J.,

[48] M. Sato,

[49] P. Kharecha,

[50] D. Beerling,

[51] R. Berner,

[52] V. Masson-Delmotte,

[53] M. Pagani,

[54] M. Raymo,

[55] D.L. Royer, and

[56] J.C. Zachos

[57] ↵
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
. 2018. Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5°C. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/.

[58] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

[59] ↵
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
. 2019. Special Report: Climate Change and Land. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/.

[60] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

[61] ↵
Jeffery S.,
T.M. Bezemer,
G. Cornelissen,
T.W. Kuyper,
J. Lehmann,
L. Mommer,
S.P. Sohi,
T.F.J. Van de Voorde,
D.A. Wardle,
J.W. Van Groenigen
. 2015. The way forward in biochar research: Targeting trade-offs between the potential wins. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 7:1-13.
OpenUrl

[62] Jeffery S.,

[63] T.M. Bezemer,

[64] G. Cornelissen,

[65] T.W. Kuyper,

[66] J. Lehmann,

[67] L. Mommer,

[68] S.P. Sohi,

[69] T.F.J. Van de Voorde,

[70] D.A. Wardle,

[71] J.W. Van Groenigen

[72] ↵
Kammann, C.,
J. Ippolito,
N. Hagemann,
N. Borchard,
M.L. Cayuela,
J.M. Estavillo,
T. Fuertes-Mendizabal,
S. Jeffery,
J. Kern,
J. Novak,
D. Rasse,
S. Saarnio,
H.-P. Schmidt,
K. Spokas, and
N. Wrage-Mönnig
. 2017. Biochar as a tool to reduce the agricultural greenhouse-gas burden – knowns, unknowns and future research needs. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25(2):114-139.
OpenUrl

[73] Kammann, C.,

[74] J. Ippolito,

[75] N. Hagemann,

[76] N. Borchard,

[77] M.L. Cayuela,

[78] J.M. Estavillo,

[79] T. Fuertes-Mendizabal,

[80] S. Jeffery,

[81] J. Kern,

[82] J. Novak,

[83] D. Rasse,

[84] S. Saarnio,

[85] H.-P. Schmidt,

[86] K. Spokas, and

[87] N. Wrage-Mönnig

[88] ↵
Kroeger, J.E.,
G. Pourhashem,
K.B. Medlock, and
C.A. Masiello
. 2020. Water cost savings from soil biochar amendment: A spatial analysis. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 13(1):133-142.
OpenUrl

[89] Kroeger, J.E.,

[90] G. Pourhashem,

[91] K.B. Medlock, and

[92] C.A. Masiello

[93] ↵
Laird, D.A.
2008. The charcoal vision: A win-win-win scenario for simultaneously producing bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality. Agronomy Journal 100:178-181.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science

[94] Laird, D.A.

[95] ↵
Laird, D.A.,
R.C. Brown,
J.E. Amonette, and
J. Lehmann
. 2009. Review of the pyrolysis platform for co-producing bio-oil and biochar. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 3:547–562.
OpenUrl

[96] Laird, D.A.,

[97] R.C. Brown,

[98] J.E. Amonette, and

[99] J. Lehmann

[100] ↵
Lal, R.
2009. Soils and food sufficiency. A review. Agronomy and Sustainable Development 29:113-133.
OpenUrl

[101] Lal, R.

[102] ↵
Lal, R.
2020. Managing soils for negative feedback to climate change and positive impact on food and nutritional security. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 66(1):1-9.
OpenUrl

[103] Lal, R.

[104] ↵
Lehmann, J.,
D.A. Bossio,
I. Kögel-Knabner, and
M.C. Rillig
. 2020. The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 1:544–553.
OpenUrl

[105] Lehmann, J.,

[106] D.A. Bossio,

[107] I. Kögel-Knabner, and

[108] M.C. Rillig

[109] ↵
Lehmann, J.,
J. Gaunt, and
M. Rondon
. 2006. Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems—A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11:403–427.
OpenUrl

[110] Lehmann, J.,

[111] J. Gaunt, and

[112] M. Rondon

[113] ↵
Lehmann, J., and
S. Joseph
, eds. 2015. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation. New York: Routledge.

[114] Lehmann, J., and

[115] S. Joseph

[116] ↵
Li, W.,
J. Dumortier,
H. Dokoohaki,
F.E. Miguez,
R.C. Brown,
D. Laird and
M.M Wright
. 2019. Regional techno-economic and life-cycle analysis of the pyrolysis-bioenergy-biochar platform for carbon-negative energy. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 13:1428-1438.
OpenUrl

[117] Li, W.,

[118] J. Dumortier,

[119] H. Dokoohaki,

[120] F.E. Miguez,

[121] R.C. Brown,

[122] D. Laird and

[123] M.M Wright

[124] ↵
Man, K.Y.,
K.L. Chow,
Y.B. Man,
W.Y. Mo, and
M.H. Wong
. 2020. Use of biochar as feed supplements for animal farming. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1721980.

[125] Man, K.Y.,

[126] K.L. Chow,

[127] Y.B. Man,

[128] W.Y. Mo, and

[129] M.H. Wong

[130] ↵
Pecha, M.B.,
J.I. Montoya Arbelaez,
M. Garcia-Perez,
F. Chejne, and
P. Ciesielski
. 2019. Progress in understanding the four dominant intra-particle phenomena of lignocellulose pyrolysis: Chemical reactions, heat transfer, mass transfer, and phase change. Green Chemistry 21:2868.
OpenUrl

[131] Pecha, M.B.,

[132] J.I. Montoya Arbelaez,

[133] M. Garcia-Perez,

[134] F. Chejne, and

[135] P. Ciesielski

[136] ↵
Pollet, J., and
P.N. Omi
. 2002. Effect of thinning and prescribed burning on crown fire severity in ponderosa pine forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11:1-10.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science

[137] Pollet, J., and

[138] P.N. Omi

[139] ↵
Sahoo K.,
E. Bilek,
R. Bergman, and
S. Mani
. 2019. Techno-economic analysis of producing solid biofuels and biochar from forest residues using portable systems. Applied Energy 235:578-590.
OpenUrl

[140] Sahoo K.,

[141] E. Bilek,

[142] R. Bergman, and

[143] S. Mani

[144] ↵
Sarauer J.L.,
D.S. Page-Dumroese, and
M.D. Coleman
. 2019. Soil greenhouse gas, carbon content, and tree growth response to biochar amendment in western United States forests. Global Change Biology-Bioenergy 11(5):660-671.
OpenUrl

[145] Sarauer J.L.,

[146] D.S. Page-Dumroese, and

[147] M.D. Coleman

[148] ↵
Schmidt, H.-P.,
N. Hagemann,
K. Draper, and
C. Kammann
. 2019. The use of biochar in animal feeding. PeerJ 7:e7373.
OpenUrl

[149] Schmidt, H.-P.,

[150] N. Hagemann,

[151] K. Draper, and

[152] C. Kammann

[153] ↵
Sessions J.,
D. Smith,
K.M. Trippe,
J.S. Fried,
J.D. Bailey,
J.H. Petitmermet,
W. Hollamon,
C.L. Phillips, and
J.D. Campbell
. 2019. Can biochar link forest restoration with commercial agriculture? Biomass and Bioenergy 123:175-185.
OpenUrl

[154] Sessions J.,

[155] D. Smith,

[156] K.M. Trippe,

[157] J.S. Fried,

[158] J.D. Bailey,

[159] J.H. Petitmermet,

[160] W. Hollamon,

[161] C.L. Phillips, and

[162] J.D. Campbell

[163] ↵
Smith, P.
2016. Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies. Global Change Biology 22:1315-1324.
OpenUrl

[164] Smith, P.

[165] ↵
Smith, P.,
S.J. Davis,
F. Creutzig,
S. Fuss,
J. Minx,
B. Gabrielle,
E. Kato,
R.B. Jackson,
A. Cowie,
E. Kriegler,
D.P. van Vuuren,
J. Rogelj,
P. Ciais,
J. Milne,
J.G. Canadell,
D. McCollum,
G. Peters,
R. Andrew,
V. Krey,
G. Shrestha,
P. Friedlingstein,
T. Gasser,
A. Grübler,
W.K. Heidug,
M. Jonas,
C.D. Jones,
F. Kraxner,
E. Littleton,
J. Lowe,
J.R. Moreira,
N. Nakicenovic,
M. Obersteiner,
A. Patwardhan,
M. Rogner,
E. Rubin,
A. Sharifi,
A. Torvanger,
Y. Yamagata,
J. Edmonds, and
C. Yongsung
. 2015. Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO₂ emissions. Nature Climate Change 6:42-50.
OpenUrl

[166] Smith, P.,

[167] S.J. Davis,

[168] F. Creutzig,

[169] S. Fuss,

[170] J. Minx,

[171] B. Gabrielle,

[172] E. Kato,

[173] R.B. Jackson,

[174] A. Cowie,

[175] E. Kriegler,

[176] D.P. van Vuuren,

[177] J. Rogelj,

[178] P. Ciais,

[179] J. Milne,

[180] J.G. Canadell,

[181] D. McCollum,

[182] G. Peters,

[183] R. Andrew,

[184] V. Krey,

[185] G. Shrestha,

[186] P. Friedlingstein,

[187] T. Gasser,

[188] A. Grübler,

[189] W.K. Heidug,

[190] M. Jonas,

[191] C.D. Jones,

[192] F. Kraxner,

[193] E. Littleton,

[194] J. Lowe,

[195] J.R. Moreira,

[196] N. Nakicenovic,

[197] M. Obersteiner,

[198] A. Patwardhan,

[199] M. Rogner,

[200] E. Rubin,

[201] A. Sharifi,

[202] A. Torvanger,

[203] Y. Yamagata,

[204] J. Edmonds, and

[205] C. Yongsung

[206] ↵
Spokas, K.A.,
K.B. Cantrell,
J.M. Novak,
D.W. Archer,
J.A. Ippolito,
H.P. Collins,
A.A. Boateng,
I.M. Lima,
M.C. Lamb,
A.J. McAloon,
R.D. Lentz, and
K.A. Nichols
. 2012. Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality 41:973-989.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[207] Spokas, K.A.,

[208] K.B. Cantrell,

[209] J.M. Novak,

[210] D.W. Archer,

[211] J.A. Ippolito,

[212] H.P. Collins,

[213] A.A. Boateng,

[214] I.M. Lima,

[215] M.C. Lamb,

[216] A.J. McAloon,

[217] R.D. Lentz, and

[218] K.A. Nichols

[219] ↵
Tammeorg, P.,
A.C. Bastos,
S. Jeffery,
F. Rees,
J. Kern,
E.R. Graber,
M. Ventura,
M. Kibblewhite,
A. Amaro,
A. Budai,
C.M.d.S. Cordovil,
X. Domene,
C. Gardi,
G. Gasco,
J. Horák,
C. Kammann,
E. Kondrlova,
D. Laird,
S. Loureiro,
M.A.S. Martins,
P. Panzacchi,
M. Prasad,
M. Prodana,
A.P. Puge,
G. Ruysschaert,
L. Sas-Paszt,
F.C. Silva,
W.G. Teixeira,
G. Tonon,
G. Delle Vedove,
C. Zavalloni,
B. Glaser, and
F.G.A. Verheijen
. 2017. Biochars in soils: Towards the required level of scientific understanding. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25:192-207.
OpenUrl

[220] Tammeorg, P.,

[221] A.C. Bastos,

[222] S. Jeffery,

[223] F. Rees,

[224] J. Kern,

[225] E.R. Graber,

[226] M. Ventura,

[227] M. Kibblewhite,

[228] A. Amaro,

[229] A. Budai,

[230] C.M.d.S. Cordovil,

[231] X. Domene,

[232] C. Gardi,

[233] G. Gasco,

[234] J. Horák,

[235] C. Kammann,

[236] E. Kondrlova,

[237] D. Laird,

[238] S. Loureiro,

[239] M.A.S. Martins,

[240] P. Panzacchi,

[241] M. Prasad,

[242] M. Prodana,

[243] A.P. Puge,

[244] G. Ruysschaert,

[245] L. Sas-Paszt,

[246] F.C. Silva,

[247] W.G. Teixeira,

[248] G. Tonon,

[249] G. Delle Vedove,

[250] C. Zavalloni,

[251] B. Glaser, and

[252] F.G.A. Verheijen

[253] ↵
Woolf, D.,
J.E. Amonette,
F.A. Street-Perrott,
J. Lehmann, and
S. Joseph
. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications 1:56.
OpenUrl

[254] Woolf, D.,

[255] J.E. Amonette,

[256] F.A. Street-Perrott,

[257] J. Lehmann, and

[258] S. Joseph

[259] ↵
Woolf, D.,
J. Lehmann,
E.M. Fisher, and
L.T. Angenent
. 2014. Biofuels from pyrolysis in perspective: Trade-offs between energy yields and soil-carbon additions. Environmental Science & Technology 48:6492-6499.
OpenUrl

[260] Woolf, D.,

[261] J. Lehmann,

[262] E.M. Fisher, and

[263] L.T. Angenent

[264] ↵
Woolf, D.,
J. Lehmann, and
D.R. Lee
. 2016. Optimal bioenergy power generation for climate change mitigation with or without carbon sequestration. Nature Communications 7:13160.
OpenUrl

[265] Woolf, D.,

[266] J. Lehmann, and

[267] D.R. Lee

[268] ↵
Wu, P.,
S.T. Ata-Ul-Karim,
B.P. Singh,
H. Wang,
T. Wu,
C. Liu,
G. Fang,
D. Zhou,
Y. Wang, and
W. Chen
. 2019. A scientometric review of biochar research in the past 20 years (1998-2018). Biochar 1:23-43.
OpenUrl

[269] Wu, P.,

[270] S.T. Ata-Ul-Karim,

[271] B.P. Singh,

[272] H. Wang,

[273] T. Wu,

[274] C. Liu,

[275] G. Fang,

[276] D. Zhou,

[277] Y. Wang, and

[278] W. Chen

Main menu

User menu

Search

Integrated biochar research: A roadmap

REFERENCES

In this issue

Citation Manager Formats

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

A Section

Viewpoint

Similar Articles

Content

Info For

Customer Service

SWCS

Main menu

User menu

Search

Integrated biochar research: A roadmap

REFERENCES

In this issue

Citation Manager Formats

Jump to section

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

A Section

Viewpoint

Similar Articles

Content

Info For

Customer Service

SWCS