Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Study area: rain-fed cereal grain cropland in eastern Washington encompassing 12 count!
- Figure 2
(a) Precipitation zones (low [<380 mm y-1]; intermediate [380 to 460 mm y-1]; and high [>460 mm y-1]) across the study area, and proportions of tillage practices in 2017 by county (USDA NASS 2017); (b) slope classes and distribution in each study county (USGS 2019); and (c) soil classes and distribution in each study county (Soil Survey Staff 2019).
- Figure 3
Overlay of slope (S1 [0% to 5%]; S2 [5% to 10%]; S3 [10% to 20%]; S4 [20% to 40%]; and S5 [>40%]), soil, and precipitation zone (low [<380 mm y-1]; intermediate [380 to 460 mm y-1]; and high [>460 mm y-1]) in cereal grain cropland.
- Figure 4
Average erosion (a) weighted by county-level fractions of tillage types (intense, reduced, and notill) following USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) data, and for the hypothetical cases that all cereal grain cropland is under (b) intense, (c) reduced, and (d) no-till, in the three precipitation zones: low (<380 mm y-1); intermediate (380 to 460 mm y-1); and high (>460 mm y-1).
- Figure 5
Average erosion by (a) slope (S1 [0% to 5%]; S2 [5% to 10%]; S3 [10% to 20%]; S4 [20% to 40%]; and S5 [>40%]), (b) soil depth, (c) tillage, and (d) rotation. Length of each colored bar shows average erosion by the associated class of the factor for the county.
- Figure 6
Average erosion in Whitman County weighted by county-level fractions of tillage types (intense, reduced, and no-till) following USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) data. Slope (S1 [0% to 5%]; S2 [5% to 10%]; S3 [10% to 20%]; S4 [20% to 40%]; and S5 [>40%]), and precipitation zone (low [<380 mm y-1]; intermediate [380 to 460 mm y-1]; and high [>460 mm y-1]).
- Figure 7
Annual area weighted erosion rate in Whitman County (1989 to 2018) for different precipitation zones (low [<380 mm y-1]; intermediate [380 to 460 mm y-1]; and high [>460 mm y-1]).
- Figure 8
Runoff by crop rotation ([a] through [c] is winter wheat–barley–pea; [d] through [f] is winter wheat–barley–fallow; and [g] through [i] is winter wheat–fallow), tillage, soil depth, and slope (S1 [0% to 5%]; S2 [5% to 10%]; S3 [10% to 20%]; S4 [20% to 40%]; and S5 [>40%]), Whitman County. (a), (d), and (g) are under intense tillage; (b), (e), and (h) are under reduced tillage; and (c), (f), and (i) are under no-till.
- Figure 9
Erosion by crop rotation ([a] through [c] is winter wheat–barley–pea; [d] through [f] is winter wheat–barley–fallow; and [g] through [i] is winter wheat–fallow), tillage, soil depth, and slope (S1 [0% to 5%]; S2 [5% to 10%]; S3 [10% to 20%]; S4 [20% to 40%]; and S5 [>40%]), Whitman County. (a), (d), and (g) are under intense tillage; (b), (e), and (h) are under reduced tillage; and (c), (f), and (i) are under no-till.
- Figure 10
Annual precipitation and erosion rates for the scenario of high-precipitation zone, S3 slope, deep soil, intense tillage, in Whitman County.
- Figure 11
Daily water balance and erosion detail of simulation year 6 for the scenario of high-precipitation zone, S3 slope, deep soil, intense tillage, in Whitman County. (a) Water balance, (b) soil profile conditions, and (c) precipitation type and amount.
- Figure 12
Comparison of events on days 305 and 354, simulation year 6, for the scenario of high-precipitation zone, S3 slope, deep soil, intense tillage, in Whitman County. (a) Water balance, (b) water in soil profile and erosion, and (c) erodibilities and critical shear adjusted daily for factors including canopy cover, residue, and freeze and thaw. The results in (b) and (c) are for the first soil layer.
Tables
- Table 1
Average temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm) during 1989 to 2018, by county, in the study area (NCDC 2018). Notice that not all counties contain all three precipitation zones.
- Table 2
Slope (percentage) classification, description, and inputs for Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) simulation.
- Table 4
Major soil properties for deep soil (Palouse silt loam) in Whitman County.
- Table 5
Major management inputs used for intense tillage with wheat–barley–pea rotation.
- Table 6
Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) simulations combining slope and soil depth classes, tillage types, and crop rotations.
- Table 8
Thirty-year average area-weighted erosion rate (t ha-1 y-1) and total amount (t) in parentheses by county and precipitation zone.
- Table 9
Descriptive statistics of average area-weighted erosion rate (t ha-1 y-1).
- Table 10
Annual water balance (mm) for slope class S3 (10% to 20%) and intense tillage. In parentheses are percentages of the sum of annual rainfall and snowmelt.
2022.00091 Supplementary File
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