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Research ArticleResearch Section

Contribution of streambanks to phosphorus export from Iowa

K.E. Schilling, T.M. Isenhart, C.F. Wolter, A. Nouri, M.T. Streeter and J.K. Kovar
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation December 2021, 00036; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00036
K.E. Schilling
is state geologist and director of the Iowa Geological Survey at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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T.M. Isenhart
is professor in the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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C.F. Wolter
is a GIS specialist at the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.
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A. Nouri
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M.T. Streeter
is a soil scientist at the Iowa Geological Survey at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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J.K. Kovar
is a research scientist at USDA National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, Ames, Iowa.
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Abstract

Phosphorus (P) from nonpoint upland and channel sources contributes to development of hypoxic conditions in receiving waters around the world. Streambanks are thought to be a potentially large contributor to sediment P loads in agricultural watersheds, but are often unaccounted for in P loss reduction strategies. In this analysis, we estimate the contribution of streambank sources to total P (TP) export from the state of Iowa using a multistep process and relate this to overall statewide P export. Using GIS mapping and field monitoring, we estimate that 35,200 m of 3.2 m high streambanks are actively eroding in Iowa rivers at a rate of 12.4 cm y–1. With an average streambank soil TP concentration of 470 mg kg–1 and bulk density of 1.17 g cm–3, approximately 7,681 Mg of TP is annually eroded from streambanks and delivered to Iowa rivers. Over an 18-year period, we estimate that streambanks contributed approximately 31% of the riverine TP export from Iowa. Despite limitations in our analysis, an improved understanding of streambank P contributions will help natural resource managers make appropriate recommendations for effective soil and water conservation practices that best reduce P loading to rivers. Our study is believed to be among the first to address the issue of streambank P at a scale that has confounded many state and regional nutrient assessments.

Key words:
  • erosion
  • nonpoint source pollution
  • phosphorus
  • streambank
  • © 2021 by the Soil and Water Conservation Society
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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 77 (3)
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Vol. 77, Issue 3
May/June 2022
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Contribution of streambanks to phosphorus export from Iowa
K.E. Schilling, T.M. Isenhart, C.F. Wolter, A. Nouri, M.T. Streeter, J.K. Kovar
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Dec 2021, 00036; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.2022.00036

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Contribution of streambanks to phosphorus export from Iowa
K.E. Schilling, T.M. Isenhart, C.F. Wolter, A. Nouri, M.T. Streeter, J.K. Kovar
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Dec 2021, 00036; DOI: 10.2489/jswc.2022.00036
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Keywords

  • erosion
  • nonpoint source pollution
  • phosphorus
  • streambank

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