TY - JOUR T1 - Mandatory or voluntary water conservation: A case study of Iowa communities during drought JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation SP - 231 LP - 234 VL - 36 IS - 4 AU - Motoko Y. Lee Y1 - 1981/07/01 UR - http://www.jswconline.org/content/36/4/231.abstract N2 - Mandatory water conservation policies with a per-capita-based restriction proved more effective in reducing water consumption than voluntary policies in 12 Iowa communities during the 1977 drought. Policy-makers also perceived mandatory policies as more effective than voluntary policies. However, 2 of the 12 communities achieved substantial reductions in water consumption with voluntary policies when the credibility of the water shortages was reinforced by the communities' proximity to other communities where extreme shortages existed. ER -