Verification of a depth-integrated sample arm as a means to reduce solids stratification bias in urban stormwater sampling

J Environ Monit. 2012 Apr;14(4):1138-44. doi: 10.1039/c2em10999a. Epub 2012 Feb 23.

Abstract

A new water sample collection system was developed to improve representation of solids entrained in urban stormwater by integrating water-quality samples from the entire water column, rather than a single, fixed point. The depth-integrated sample arm (DISA) was better able to characterize suspended-sediment concentration and particle size distribution compared to fixed-point methods when tested in a controlled laboratory environment. Median suspended-sediment concentrations overestimated the actual concentration by 49 and 7% when sampling the water column at 3- and 4-points spaced vertically throughout the water column, respectively. Comparatively, sampling only at the bottom of the pipe, the fixed-point overestimated the actual concentration by 96%. The fixed-point sampler also showed a coarser particle size distribution compared to the DISA which was better able to reproduce the average distribution of particles in the water column over a range of hydraulic conditions. These results emphasize the need for a water sample collection system that integrates the entire water column, rather than a single, fixed point to properly characterize the concentration and distribution of particles entrained in stormwater pipe flow.

MeSH terms

  • Cities
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Geologic Sediments / chemistry
  • Statistics as Topic*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollution, Chemical / statistics & numerical data*

Substances

  • Water Pollutants, Chemical