Proposes a distinction between 2 types of applied eyewitness-testimony research: System-variable
(SV) research investigates varibles that are manipulable in actual criminal cases (eg, …

There is increasing evidence that false eyewitness identification is the primary cause of the
conviction of innocent people. In 1996, the American Psychology/Law Society, Division 41 of …

Staged crime research has demonstrated the utility of controlling the conduct of lineups as a
means of reducing false identifications with little or no apparent decline in the rate of correct …

… a lineup and conducting a psychology experiment (Wells & Luus, 1990b). The analogy is …
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gary L. Wells, Department …

The criminal justice system relies heavily on eyewitnesses to determine the facts surrounding
criminal events. Eyewitnesses may identify culprits, recall conversations, or remember …

The authors discuss the problem with failing to sample stimuli in social psychological
experimentation. Although commonly construed as an issue for external validity, the authors …

A review is made of issues and data on eyewitness identifications, and a relative‐judgment
conceptualization is proposed. It is argued that eyewitnesses are prone to choose the lineup …

… This research was supported by a grant to Gary L. Wells from the National Science Foundation
(SBR 9308275). … Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gary L. …

The criminal justice system relies heavily on eyewitness identification for investigating and
prosecuting crimes. Psychology has built the only scientific literature on eyewitness …

We propose that people imagine alternatives to reality (counterfactuals) in assessing the
casual role of a prior event. This process of mental simulation (D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, …